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Part 1: Document Description
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Citation |
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Title: |
Replication data for: Quantifying tourism booms and the increasing footprint in the Arctic with social media data |
Identification Number: |
doi:10.18710/QEOFPY |
Distributor: |
DataverseNO |
Date of Distribution: |
2020-02-06 |
Version: |
1 |
Bibliographic Citation: |
Runge, Claire A.; Daigle, Remi M.; Hausner, Vera H., 2020, "Replication data for: Quantifying tourism booms and the increasing footprint in the Arctic with social media data", https://doi.org/10.18710/QEOFPY, DataverseNO, V1, UNF:6:czqP04pzsqnMiDPqDgKLpg== [fileUNF] |
Citation |
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Title: |
Replication data for: Quantifying tourism booms and the increasing footprint in the Arctic with social media data |
Identification Number: |
doi:10.18710/QEOFPY |
Authoring Entity: |
Runge, Claire A. (UiT The Arctic University of Norway) |
Daigle, Remi M. (Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada) |
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Hausner, Vera H. (UiT The Arctic University of Norway) |
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Producer: |
UiT The Arctic University of Norway |
Grant Number: |
RConnected |
Grant Number: |
CONNECT |
Grant Number: |
247474 |
Distributor: |
DataverseNO |
Distributor: |
UiT The Arctic University of Norway |
Access Authority: |
Runge, Claire A. |
Depositor: |
Runge, Claire Alice |
Date of Deposit: |
2019-03-22 |
Holdings Information: |
https://doi.org/10.18710/QEOFPY |
Study Scope |
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Keywords: |
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Social Sciences, Arctic, tourism, tourism management, trend analysis, Flickr, geography, social media, passive crowdsourcing, spatiotemporal trends, environmental impacts |
Abstract: |
Arctic tourism has rapidly increased in the past two decades. We used social media data to examine localized tourism booms and quantify the spatial expansion of the Arctic tourism footprint. We extracted geotagged locations from over 800,000 photos on Flickr and mapped these across space and time. We critically examine the use of social media as a data source in data-poor regions, and find that while social media data is not suitable as an early warning system of tourism growth in less visited parts of the world, it can be used to map changes at large spatial scales. Our results show that the footprint of summer tourism quadrupled and winter tourism increased by over 600% between 2006 and 2016, although large areas of the Arctic remain untouched by tourism. This rapid increase in the tourism footprint raises concerns about the impacts and sustainability of tourism on Arctic ecosystems and communities. This boom is set to continue, as new parts of the Arctic are being opened to tourism by melting sea ice, new airports and continued promotion of the Arctic as a ‘last chance to see’ destination. Arctic societies face complex decisions about whether this ongoing growth is socially and environmentally sustainable. |
Time Period: |
2004-01-01-2017-12-31 |
Date of Collection: |
2017-12-04-2018-05-07 |
Country: |
Norway, Finland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Russian Federation, Greenland, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Canada, United States |
Geographic Coverage: |
Alaska |
Geographic Bounding Box: |
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Kind of Data: |
Datasets derived from geospatially tagged photographs |
Methodology and Processing |
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Sampling Procedure: |
please see manuscript for full description of methods. |
Sources Statement |
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Data Sources: |
https://www.flickr.com |
Documentation and Access to Sources: |
https://www.flickr.com/services/api/ |
Data Access |
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Other Study Description Materials |
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Related Publications |
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Citation |
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Title: |
Runge CA, Daigle RM, Hausner VH. 2020. Quantifying tourism booms and the increasing footprint in the Arctic with social media data. PLOS ONE 15:e0227189. |
Identification Number: |
10.1371/journal.pone.0227189 |
Bibliographic Citation: |
Runge CA, Daigle RM, Hausner VH. 2020. Quantifying tourism booms and the increasing footprint in the Arctic with social media data. PLOS ONE 15:e0227189. |
File Description--f6940 |
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File: Arctic_Flickr_footprint_byyearseason.tab |
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Notes: |
UNF:6:KBnYvwOlStVgdrbYH3B9Ig== |
File Description--f6939 |
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File: Arctic_Flickr_nphotos_byyearseason.tab |
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Notes: |
UNF:6:38kZzr3tTR4dOUV5Fgz+bQ== |
List of Variables: |
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Variables |
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f6940 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:Jtnp/lg+DtBjSyeSHESheg== |
f6940 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 2010.5; Min. 2004.0; StDev 4.05534007606392; Max. 2017.0; Valid 84.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:6RV0/+mneSDKH8vPJ8NlCg== |
f6940 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:qWCa8VIVYe3WyZ2Owtl/Og== |
f6940 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:mMTK08Sl3t1rl06rTjepwA== |
f6940 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 4807.0; Mean 1222.8214285714284; Valid 56.0; Min. 241.0; StDev 1117.265657464978; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:7Tdc+COpISeNUflKj90dVQ== |
f6940 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 6.887109487737075E-4; Valid 84.0; Min. 3.65709893097979E-5; StDev 8.721813547756617E-4; Max. 0.00384855881618991 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:EsPMk34ZTu/SPR6jEaErag== |
f6940 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 84.0; Max. 0.384855881618991; Min. 0.00365709893097979; Mean 0.06887109487737075; StDev 0.08721813547756617 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:keBGaK1btB6/9Ana1Yub7g== |
f6939 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:OZpXLVv+fpfiU7+mZ/wlLw== |
f6939 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 2010.5; Valid 28.0; StDev 4.1051007115358145; Max. 2017.0; Min. 2004.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:LDqwxGoNgLGmQOukBNZoJg== |
f6939 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:vdwRZ/kGWG///mePOFM5Sw== |
f6939 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 2.31337858E8; Mean 1.407351822142857E8; Valid 28.0; Min. 7827070.0; StDev 6.668535161780985E7 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:QFpYLXxyZpOeV+Vv8jeuZA== |
f6939 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 28588.535714285714; StDev 25615.010435119286; Valid 28.0; Max. 81980.0; Min. 287.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:95L84OUhXeA7hPs6XXyauA== |
f6939 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 28.0; Mean 14.488788808501166; Min. 1.0; StDev 6.818489352206656; Max. 23.0901279789244 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:6uLNk01Z+oQMaFS8X9ehgQ== |
f6939 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 1.6510638053649526E-4; Max. 4.02021234086809E-4; Min. 3.08385811803383E-5; StDev 1.0786397099223014E-4; Valid 28.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:y8T2kN2K8ciG4GJ6lM5xhw== |
Label: |
00_Readme.txt |
Text: |
Contains descriptions of data files and column headers |
Notes: |
text/plain |
Label: |
Flickr_density_mapping.r |
Text: |
R script to create rasters of Flickr PUD across the Arctic |
Notes: |
type/x-r-syntax |
Label: |
Flickr_photos_per_year.R |
Text: |
R script to download global stats on number of photos submitted to Flickr |
Notes: |
type/x-r-syntax |
Label: |
Flickr_PUDper100kmcell_summer.tif |
Text: |
Raster of tourism intensity in Arctic summer at 100km resolution |
Notes: |
image/tiff |
Label: |
Flickr_PUDper100kmcell_winter.tif |
Text: |
Raster of tourism intensity in Arctic winter at 100km resolution |
Notes: |
image/tiff |
Label: |
Flickr_PUDper10kmcell_summer.tif |
Text: |
Raster of tourism intensity in Arctic summer at 10km resolution |
Notes: |
image/tiff |
Label: |
Flickr_PUDper10kmcell_winter.tif |
Text: |
Raster of tourism intensity in Arctic winter at 10km resolution |
Notes: |
image/tiff |
Label: |
Flickr_spatialoverlaps_for_gams.r |
Text: |
R script to create hexagonal grids, spatial overlap grid with accessibility and protected area shapefiles to estimate coverage in each grid cell. Spatial overlap of each grid cell with Flickr data. |
Notes: |
type/x-r-syntax |
Label: |
GAM_footprint.r |
Text: |
R script to calculate Arctic tourism footprint and make tables & figures for manuscript. |
Notes: |
type/x-r-syntax |
Label: |
GAM_models.r |
Text: |
R script to make GAM models of accessibility vs presence/absence of tourists and make tables & figures for manuscript. |
Notes: |
type/x-r-syntax |
Label: |
GAM_model_input.R |
Text: |
R script to calculate PUD (photo-unit-days) in each grid cell. |
Notes: |
type/x-r-syntax |
Label: |
raw_data_download.r |
Text: |
R script to download Flickr data for the Arctic |
Notes: |
type/x-r-syntax |