Programming code for article "Radar imaging with EISCAT 3D" (doi:10.18710/QRDET2)

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Programming code for article "Radar imaging with EISCAT 3D"

doi:10.18710/QRDET2

DataverseNO

2021-02-02

2

Stamm, Johann, 2021, "Programming code for article "Radar imaging with EISCAT 3D"", https://doi.org/10.18710/QRDET2, DataverseNO, V2, UNF:6:hamTKJhUq9zuYrdRESkUUg== [fileUNF]

Programming code for article "Radar imaging with EISCAT 3D"

doi:10.18710/QRDET2

Stamm, Johann (UiT The Arctic University of Norway)

Vierinen, Juha

Space Plasma Physics Group

UiT The Arctic University of Norway

Stamm, Johann

Whiter, Daniel K.

EISCAT 3D

UiT The Arctic University of Norway

Python

Numpy

DataverseNO

UiT The Arctic University of Norway

Stamm, Johann

Stamm, Johann

2021-01-19

https://doi.org/10.18710/QRDET2

Earth and Environmental Sciences, Imaging, Radar, EISCAT3D

Programming code for article "Radar imaging with EISCAT 3D"

A new incoherent scatter radar called EISCAT 3D is being constructed in Northern Scandinavia. It will have the capability of producing volumetric images of ionospheric plasma parameters using aperture synthesis radar imaging. This study uses the current design of EISCAT 3D to explore the theoretical radar imaging performance and compares numerical techniques that could be used in practice. Of all imaging algorithms surveyed, the singular value decomposition with regularization gave the best results and was also found to be the most computationally efficient. The estimated imaging performance indicates that the radar will be capable of detecting features down to approximately 90x90 m at a height of 100 km, which corresponds to a ~0.05° angular resolution. The temporal resolution is dependent on the signal-to-noise ratio and range resolution. The signal-to-noise ratio calculations indicate that high resolution imaging of auroral precipitation is feasible. For example, with a range resolution of 1500 m, a time resolution of 10 seconds, and an electron density of 2·1011 m−3, the correlation function estimates for radar scatter from the E-region can be measured with an uncertainty of 5 %. At a time resolution of 10 s and an image resolution of 90x90 m, the relative estimation error standard deviation of the image intensity is 10 %. Dividing the transmitting array into multiple independent transmitters to get at multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) interferometer system is also studied and this technique is found to increase imaging performance through improved visibility coverage. However, an estimate shows that this reduces the signal-to-noise ratio. MIMO is therefore only useful for the most brightest targets, such as meteors, polar mesospheric summer and winter echoes, and satellites. The results show that radar imaging of is feasible with the EISCAT 3D radar, and that the use of the MIMO technique should be explored further.

Programming code for simulating EISCAT3D imaging measuremets

<p>The file "aurora.png" may be reused according to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license as described here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.</p> <p>When reusing the file "aurora.png", reference must be given to the author of the file, Daniel K. Whiter. Recommended citation of this file: "Image from the Auroral Structure and Kinetics (ASK) instrument (Ashrafi, 2007), courtesy of D.K. Whiter."</p> <p>All other files in this dataset may be reused as described in the CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/.</p>

Stamm, J., Vierinen, J., Urco, J. M., Gustavsson, B., and Chau, J. L.: Radar imaging with EISCAT 3D, Ann. Geophys., 39, 119–134, 2021

10.5194/angeo-39-119-2021

Stamm, J., Vierinen, J., Urco, J. M., Gustavsson, B., and Chau, J. L.: Radar imaging with EISCAT 3D, Ann. Geophys., 39, 119–134, 2021

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00_readme.txt

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ReadMe file

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aurora.png

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Image of aurora taken by the Auroral Structure and Kinetics (ASK) instrument (Ashrafi 2007), courtesy of Daniel K. Whiter. This file, "aurora.png", may be reused according to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license as described here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When reusing the file, reference must be given to the author of the file, D.K. Whiter. Recommended citation of this file: "Image from the Auroral Structure and Kinetics (ASK) instrument (Ashrafi, 2007), courtesy of D.K. Whiter."

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e3d_array.txt

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Relative position of the E3D core subarrays

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EISCAT3D_receivers.txt

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Position of E3D outriggers. The coordinates are for UTM zone 33.

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Eiscat3D_transmitter.txt

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Position of E3D core (Skibotn site). The coordinates are for UTM zone 33.

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konstanter.py

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Contains constants and a Timer for timing python programs

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krysskorr_normford.py

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Calculates figures 3 and 4 to find out when cross-correlation between receivers become significant

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misc.py

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MiscellancelousFunctions

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plasma.py

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Functions for handling the radar target (Plasma)

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plasma_funcs.py

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Functions for calculating debye length, thermal speed and pghdrhdhlasma frequency

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radarl.py

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Uses the radar equation to find integration time and range resolution for a desired uncertainty

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radaro3.py

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Functions for plotting and handling radar and imaging. This code does currently not represent the final state since those files currently are unavailable.

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recovering.py

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Functions to analyse the uncertainty of the reconstructed image.

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