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Persistent Identifier
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doi:10.18710/EYUPME |
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Publication Date
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2026-08-26 |
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Title
| Supporting Data for: Investigating the covariation of features in ‘crowded’ vowel spaces – A corpus-based study of BOOT and BIT in Standard Scottish English |
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Author
| Schützler, OleLeipzig UniversityORCID0000-0001-8868-0191 |
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Point of Contact
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Use email button above to contact.
Schützler, Ole (Leipzig University) |
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Description
| The study focuses on the vowel categories BOOT and BIT in Standard Scottish English (SSE). The BOOT-vowel tends to be relatively front, the BIT-vowel tends to be lowered and/or centralised, and both are subject to sociolinguistic variation. In addition, this paper argues that they are also competing for limited articulatory (and acoustic) space, so that socially motivated variation may be constrained by the need for vowel categories to remain distinct. The acoustic study that is presented explores the sociolinguistic variation of the two vowels against the background of systemic, space-related constraints. The centre frequencies of the first two formants of all monophthong vowels are measured in n = 46 recordings from the Scottish component of the International Corpus of English. Measurements are normalised and the variation of BOOT and BIT is modelled statistically, using linear mixed-effects regression; additionally, the correlation of random intercepts for speakers are inspected. There are virtually no age and gender effects on the variation of the BOOT-vowel, while younger age and male gender correlate with more centralised variants of the BIT-vowel. These factors apart, there is evidence of a tendency for the two vowels to covary in a way that maintains their distance from each other in acoustic space. (2026-08-26) |
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Subject
| Arts and Humanities |
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Keyword
| Standard Scottish English
acoustic phonetics
sociophonetics
Dispersion Theory
vowel variation
corpus data |
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Related Publication
| Schützler, Ole. 2026. "Investigating the covariation of features in ‘crowded’ vowel spaces: A corpus-based study of BOOT and BIT in Standard Scottish English." In Philipp Meer & Ulrike Gut (eds.), English Corpus Phonetics and Phonology: Current Approaches and Future Directions (Topics in English Linguistics 122), 95-127. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton. doi 10.1515/9783112213254-004 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112213254-004 |
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Language
| English |
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Producer
| Leipzig University https://www.uni-leipzig.de/en |
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Production Location
| Scotland, UK |
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Contributor
| Data Collector: Gut, Ulrike
Data Curator: Li, Zeyu |
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Funding Information
| German Research Foundation (DFG): SCHU 3250/1-1 |
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Distributor
| The Tromsø Repository of Language and Linguistics (TROLLing) (TROLLing) https://trolling.uit.no/ |
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Depositor
| Schützler, Ole |
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Deposit Date
| 2025-07-02 |
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Time Period
| Start Date: 2012-01-01; End Date: 2020-12-31 |
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Date of Collection
| Start Date: 2024-07-01; End Date: 2024-09-01 |
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Data Type
| Annotated acoustic measurements |
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Software
| Praat, Version: 6.1.51
Microsoft Excel, Version: 2408, Build 16.0.17932.20286
R, Version: 4.1.1
RStudio, Version: 2025.05.1
R package 'brms', Version: 2.16.1
R package 'lattice', Version: 0.20-44
R package 'latticeExtra', Version: 0.6-29 |
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Related Material
| Documentation of analysis: https://osf.io/fs3nk/ |
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Data Source
| The data in this dataset were retrieved from the International Corpus of English: Scottish Component, under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 DE license, and from the British National Corpus available at https://www.english-corpora.org/bnc/, licensed for academic and non-commercial purposes.
The extracted text fragments that are contained in the data files SSE_vowels.csv, SSE_I.csv, SSE_U.csv of this dataset only represent non-substantial portions of the sources listed above, and they do not represent coherent larger texts. Therefore, the reuse (including redistribution) of these excerpts is permitted by the exceptions rules in IPR and database protection regulations, such as Fair use (USA cf. US Copyright Act), Fair dealing (UK; cf. Exceptions to copyright), the EU Database Directive (cf. article 8 Rights and obligations of lawful users), "lover, forskrifter, rettsavgjørelser og andre vedtak av offentlig myndighet" (Norway; cf. § 14 in Åndsverkloven), "uvesentlige deler av databaser" (Norway; cf. § 24 in Åndsverkloven), "sitatretten" (Norway; cf. § 29 in Åndsverkloven). As these excerpts do not represent substantial parts of the reused sources, the redistribution of these excerpts is according to Creative Commons (CC) also permitted if they are extracted from sources that are distributed under Creative Commons licenses (cf. question "Do I always have to comply with the license terms? If not, what are the exceptions?" in the Creative Commons Frequently Asked Questions). Additionally, the use and redistribution of the frequency information obtained from the British National Corpus available at https://www.english-corpora.org/bnc/, is permitted by the exceptions rules in IPR and database protection regulations mentioned above. |
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Documentation and Access to Sources
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