Replication data for "Siderite concretions in Svalbard Lake sediments capture 7000 years of extreme Arctic cold season climate change"

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van der Bilt, Willem; Csiszár, Barnabás; Bulinova, Marie; Rydland Pedersen, Leif-Erik; Rouillard, Alexandra; Thorseth, Ingunn; Røthe, Torgeir Opeland; Strzelecki, Mateusz C; Schomacker, Anders, 2026, "Replication data for "Siderite concretions in Svalbard Lake sediments capture 7000 years of extreme Arctic cold season climate change"", https://doi.org/10.18710/M3PWDV, DataverseNO, V1
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Description
All proxy measurements performed on core STU-P1 for the upcoming publication that was only available as a pre-print at the time of submission: https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.176617193.36041880/v1
The Arctic warms faster than anywhere else on Earth, and paleoclimate data are key to place this amplified response in a long-term context. But most past temperature proxies record growing season conditions, when their biological signal carriers are produced. This bias is important, as model simulations suggest that future Arctic warming will be strongest in winter. We help close this gap by presenting a 6.7 ka long record of Arctic cold season climate change. For this purpose, we characterize siderite mineral concretions in Svalbard Lake sediments that form under anoxic conditions, prompted by lingering lake ice coverage after severe winters. To do so with high micrometer-scale precision, we integrate hyperspectral imagery with X-Ray Fluorescence and Computed Tomography core scanning characteristics. This novel approach finds non-linear transitions in response to a complex interplay between abrupt (volcanic) and gradual (cyclic) paleoclimate forcings.
Subject Earth and Environmental Sciences
Keyword paleoclimate, holocene, svalbard, sediments, arctic
Related Publication Is Supplement To: van der Bilt, W. G. M., Csiszár, B., Bulínová, M., Pedersen, L.-E. R., Rouillard, A., Røthe, T. O., Strzelecki, M. C., & Schomacker, A. (2025). Siderite concretions in Svalbard lake sediments capture 7000 years of extreme Arctic cold season climate change. Authorea Preprints.doi: https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.176617193.36041880/v1
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Figure 2_stratigraphy.txt
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Published May 5, 2026
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MD5: 3d757d95ed2802d484ef79dd3e32d5c8
All data plotted in figure 2: CT, XRF element, and MS scanning data, with HSI RABD845 values.
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Figure 3_paleoclimate.txt
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Published May 5, 2026
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MD5: 1d8bc6ea329992dd18ec1426a51f0efe
All data plotted in Figure 3 that was generated for this study: PCA PC 2 values, including the 1.5 ka cycle extracted from this timeseries with Wavelet analysis, as well as extremes that exceed 3σ from the mean.
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Figure S1_concretions.txt
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Published May 5, 2026
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MD5: ba539212e8596c47f9bfcadc4d96ef0c
All original data plotted in Figure S1: SEM-EDS and Raman spectra of selected concretions, along with Siderite mineral reference spectra.
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Figure S3_ordination.txt
Down-core PC 1 and PC 2 scores/Plain Text - 146.8 KB
Published May 5, 2026
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MD5: 3a45e772d45051c25856cc2c17feafb2
Factor loadings and the percentage of variance explained by the two dominant PCs identified in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the data presented, along with down-core PC scores.
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Figure S4_wavelet.txt
Raw output of the wavelet analyses presented in Figure S4/Plain Text - 8.3 MB
Published May 5, 2026
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MD5: 5d6c425291634e2bfdd5fab56f06dad3
A table with the spectral power of cycles ranging between 2 and 3025 years for the entire 6680 year long record covered by the presented PC 2 data.
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00_README.txt
Readme file with information/Plain Text - 8.1 KB
Published May 5, 2026
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MD5: bb3e8115db0a58f4430570651e0e7522
Please read this file for additional context.
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Figure S2_chronology.txt
The age model presented in Figure S2/Plain Text - 175.3 KB
Published May 5, 2026
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MD5: db1a8e9114427351b532af13d8ee47dc
Key properties of the presented age-model that was generated in the R Bacon package, including median and mean calibrated age estimates per 200 micron depth interval, along with minimum and maximum uncertainty estimates (years).
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