Culture datasets:
HNCD dataset: The nation-level scores of six cultural dimensions of individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, indulgence, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientations. Hofstede’s website, https://geerthofstede.com/research-and-vsm/dimension-data-matrix/
IWCV dataset The nation-level scores of two cultural dimensions of traditional vs. secular-rational values, and survival vs. self-expression values. World Values Survey website, https://web.archive.org/web/20131019112321/http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs/articles/folder_published/article_base_54/files/ValueScores_5_waves.doc
Citation impact
PPtop 10%: The national proportions of papers (articles and reviews published in 2006 and 2010) which belongs to the 10% most frequently cited papers within their subject categories and publication years. The data were exported from the Max Planck Society’s in-house database which is based on the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)
PPtop 1%: The national proportions of papers (articles and reviews published in 2006 and 2010) which belongs to the 1% most frequently cited papers within their subject categories and publication years. The data were exported from the Max Planck Society’s in-house database which is based on the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics).
Control variables
R&D investment: Share of investments in research and development (% GDP) World Bank.
Number of researchers: Number of researchers (per million inhabitants) UNESCO Institute for Statistics, access via World Bank, (indicator code: SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6).
Migrant share of nations: International migrant stock (% of population) World Bank, World development indicators, indicator code: SM.POP.TOTL.ZS.
Co-authorship: Proportions of co-authored papers of a nation with international researchers. The data were exported from the Max Planck Society’s in-house database which is based on the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics).
Self-citation: Proportions of self-citation of nations that is the percentage of published papers of nations citing another publication of the same nation. The data were exported from the Max Planck Society’s in-house database which is based on the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)
Language: a binary variable (whether or not English is the official language in the country)
Productivity: National number of papers. The data were exported from the Max Planck Society’s in-house database which is based on the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) |